Chronic diseases

Lung cancer: Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain. Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs. When cancer cells spread from one organ to another, they are called   metastases. Lung cancers usually are grouped into two main types called small cell and non-small cell (including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). These types of lung cancer grow differently and are treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is more common than small cell lung cancer  Causes: 1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. It is responsible for the majority of cases, and the risk increases with the duration and intensity of smoking. 2 . Secondhand smoke : Being exposed to tobacco smoke from others can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. 3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep into buildings, can increase the ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):   COPD is a progressive lung disease that causes airflow limitation and breathing difficulties. Causes: The primary cause of COPD is long-term exposure to irritating gases or particles, most commonly from cigarette smoke. Other factors that contribute to COPD include exposure to air pollution, occupational dust and chemicals, genetic factors (such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), and respiratory infections during childhood. Prevention: Prevention strategies for COPD mainly focus on avoiding exposure to risk factors. The most crucial preventive measure is to quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. Reducing exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution, workplace chemicals, and dust can also lower the risk. Proper vaccination against respiratory infections, such as influenza and pneumonia, is recommended. Symptoms: COPD symptoms typically develop slowly over time and worsen as the disease progresses. Common symptoms include persistent ...